Deficiencias Nutricionales en Pacientes con Cirugía Bariátrica
Conclusión
El manejo nutricional del paciente con cirugía bariátrica es fundamental para evitar complicaciones a corto y a largo plazo. La progresión de la dieta a través de las fases y los tiempos de duración en cada una de ellas, depende del tipo de cirugía y de la institución o grupo que esté encargado del manejo del paciente.
Sin embargo, los diferentes grupos y la American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery coinciden en determinados cuidados generales, alimentos y bebidas que el paciente debe seguir o evitar. Infortunadamente, no existen estudios con niveles de evidencia que puedan determinar categóricamente sus ventajas o desventajas. Sin embargo, el seguimiento de un estilo de vida saludable conlleva al éxito a largo plazo de la cirugía bariátrica, y a un mejor estado nutricional y de salud.
Perioperative management of bariatric surgery patients
Abstract
Up to now, bariatric surgery has been the prime solution for obesity and diabetes, and even positively contributes to nutrition related non-transmissible diseases. However, bariatric surgery is not exempt from complications, mostof which are metabolic or nutritionally related. Fortunately, these complications are preventable, predictable andtreatable. It becomes necessary for the physician, patient and health team to be to be conscious not only of the importance of the needs not only before surgery and immediately following it, but in the context of the patient´s life span.
It is fundamental to fulfill the patient´s daily protein requirements by adhering to a protein diet that is both tolerableand absorbable in order to prevent important protein nutritional deficiencies, which sometimes are wrongly attributed to deficiencies of other nutrients. Finally, the patient´s change in life style must be incorporated in the treatment program so as to prevent new weight gain and its related effects.
Key words: obesity; obesity, morbid; bariatric surgery; nutrition
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Correspondencia: Patricia Savino, ND, MBA, CNSD
Correo electrónico: patricia.savino@gmail.com
Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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