Detección Temprana de las Alteraciones del Embarazo, Bibliografía

1 Lawn J et al. 4 million neonatal deaths: When? Where? Why? Lancet 2005; 365: 891- 900. Damstadt GL et al. Evidence-based, cost-effective interventions: how many newborn babies can we save? Lancet 2005; 365: 977-88. Zulfiqar A et al. Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence. Pediatrics 2005; 115 (2): 551, 552. 1 DANE, Estadísticas vitales, 2000.
2 UNICEF. Situación de la infancia. Buen comienzo en la vida. 2005. www.unicef.org.co/05-mort.
3 República de Argentina. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Schwarcz R et al. El cuidado prenatal. Guía para la práctica del cuidado preconcepcional y del control prenatal. Buenos Aires, 2001.
4 República de Colombia. Ministerio de Salud. Decreto 2309/02. “Por el cual se define el Sistema obligatorio de garantía de calidad de la atención en salud del Sistema general de seguridad social en salud”. República de Colombia. Ministerio de Salud. Resolución 1439/02. “Por la cual se adoptan los formularios de inscripción y de novedades para el registro especial de prestadores de servicios de salud, los manuales de estándares y de procedimientos, y se establecen las condiciones de suficiencia patrimonial y financiera del sistema único de habilitación de prestadores de servicios de salud y los definidos como tales”. República de Colombia. Ministerio de la Protección Social. Resolución 486/ 03. “Por la cual se modifica parcialmente la Resolución 1439 de 2002”.
5 República de Colombia. Ministerio de Salud. Resolución 5261/94. “Por la cual se establece el manual de actividades, intervenciones y procedimientos del plan obligatorio de salud”
6 OMS, Nuevo modelo de control prenatal de la OMS, 2003. Ginebra, Suiza. Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2003: 6.
7 Gagnon AJ. Educación individual o en grupos para el parto y la paternidad. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005. Oxford: Update Software. Parra M. Una mirada bioética del proceso de consentimiento informado y su aplicación en el Instituto Materno Infantil “Concepción Villaveces de Acosta”, Bogotá, 2002. Stewart M. Effective physician-patient communication and health outcomes: a review. CMAJ 1992; 152: 1423-33.
8 Lilford RJ et al. Effect of using protocols on medical care: randomised trial of three methods of taking an antenatal history. British Medical Journal 1992; 305: 1181-4.
9 Herrera JA. Aplicación de un modelo biosicosocial para la reducción de la morbilidad y mortalidad materna y perinatal en Colombia. 2ª ed. Bogotá, Ministerio de Salud- Universidad del Valle, 2001.
10 Saftlas A et al. Prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain as risk factors for preeclampsia and transient hypertension. Ann Epidemiol 2000; 10: 475 (Abstract). Schieve L et al. Prepregnancy body mass index and pregnancy weight gain: associations with preterm delivery. The NMIHS Collaborative Study Group. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 96: 194-200.
11 Rosso PR, Mardones FS. Gráfica de incremento de peso para gestantes. Ministerio de Salud, Chile, 1986.
12 Fescina RH, Quevedo C, Martell M, Nieto F, Schwarcz R. Altura uterina como método para predecir el crecimiento fetal. Bol. Of. Sanit. Panam. 96: 377,1984.
13 Villar J, Carroli G, Khan-Neelofur D, Piaggio G, Gülmezoglu M. Patrones de control prenatal de rutina para embarazos de bajo riesgo (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005. Oxford: Update Software.
14 Neilson JP. Medición de la altura uterina durante el embarazo (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2005. Oxford: Update Software.
15 Divanovic E, Buchmann EJ. Routine heart and lung auscultation in prenatal care. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1999; 64: 247–51. Sharif K, Whittle M. Routine antenatal fetal heart rate auscultation: is it necessary? Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1993; 13:111–3.
16 Gagnon AJ. Educación individual o en grupos para el parto y la paternidad. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005. Oxford: Update Software. Parra M. Una mirada bioética del proceso de consentimiento informado y su aplicación en el Instituto Materno Infantil “Concepción Villaveces de Acosta” Bogotá, 2002. Stewart M. Effective physician-patient communication and health outcomes: a review. CMAJ 1992; 152: 1423-33.
17 Steer P, Alam MA, Wadsworth J, Welch A. Relation between maternal haemoglobin concentration and birth weight in different ethnic groups. BMJ 1995;310: 489-91. Zhou LM, Yang WW, Hua JZ, Deng CQ , Tao X, Stoltzfus RJ. Relation of hemoglobin measured at different times in pregnancy to preterm birth and low birth weight in Shanghai, China. American Journal of Epidemiology 1998;148: 998-1006. National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. Antenatalcare: routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. London, 2003.
18 National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. Antenatal care: routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. London, 2003: 69. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Recommendation Statement: Screening for Rh (D) Incompatibility, 2004. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Recommendation Statement: Screening for Syphilis Infection, 2004. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Health Care Guideline: Routine Prenatal Care. 8ª ed. 2004. www.icsi.org.
19 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2002. MMWR 2005; 51(No. RR-6): 25. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Recommendation Statement: Screening for Syphilis Infection, 2004. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Health Care Guideline: Routine Prenatal Care. 8ª ed. 2004. www.icsi.org. National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. Antenatal care: routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. London, 2003: 91-93. Walker, GJA. Antibiotics for syphilis diagnosed during pregnancy [protocol]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2001; (2).
20 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2002. MMWR 2005; 51 (No. RR-6): 5. Brocklehurst P, Volmink J. Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002; (3). National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. Antenatal care: routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. London, 2003.
21 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2002. MMWR 2005; 51 (No. RR-6): 64. Xu Z-Y, Liu C-B, Francis DP. Prevention of perinatal acquisition of hepatitis B virus carriage using vaccine: preliminary report of a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled and comparative trial. Pediatrics 1985; 76: 713–18. Summers PR, Biswas MK, Pastorek JG, Pernoll ML, Smith LG, Bean BE. The pregnant hepatitis B carrier: evidence favoring comprehensive antepartum screening. Obstetrics and Gynecology 1987;69: 701-4. National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. Antenatal care: routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. London, 2003.
22 Coustan D et al. Maternal age and screening for gestational diabetes: A population based study. Obstet Gynecol 1989; 73:557. Perucchini D, Fischer U, Spinas GA, Huch R, Huch A, Lehmann R. Using fasting plasma glucose concentrations to screen for gestational diabetes mellitus: prospective population based study. BMJ 1999; 319: 812–5.
23 Hurley P. Vaccination in pregnancy. Current Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1998; 8:169-75. Meegan M et al. Effect on neonatal tetanus mortality after a culturally-based health promotion programme. Lancet 2001;358: 640–641.
24 Lumley J, Watson L, Watson M, Bower C. Suplementación periconcepcional con folato y/o multivitaminas para la prevención de los defectos del tubo neural (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005.
24 NIH Consensus Development Panel on Optimal Calcium Intake. Optima calcium intake. JAMA 1994; 275: 1113-17. Barrera P. et al. Determinación de parámetros antropométricos para la valoración nutricional de la gestante. Revista Facultad de Medicina. Universida Nacional Colombia 1998; 46 (1): 16-21. Atallah AN, Hofmeyr GJ, Duley L. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002; (1). Roberts J et al. Nutrient Involvement in Preeclampsia. J.Nutr. 133: 1684S-169S, 2003.
25 Barrera P et al. Determinación de parámetros antropométricos para la valoración nutricional de la gestante. Revista Facultad de Medicina. Universida Nacional Colombia 1998; 46 (1): 16-21. Mahomed K. Suplementación con hierro y folato en el embarazo (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005. World Health Organization/United Nations Children’s Fund, Prevention and Control of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Women and Children. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1999.
26 Zulfiqar A et al. Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence. Pediatrics Vol. 115 No. 2 February 2005: 551, 552. Newman R et al. Safety, efficacy and determinants of effectiveness of antimalarial drugs during pregnancy: implications for prevention programmes in Plasmodium falciparum-endemic sub-Saharan Africa. Trop Med Int Health. 2003;8: 488–506. Garner P et al. Interventions to prevent malaria during pregnancy in endemic malarious areas: prevention versus treatment for malaria in pregnant women. (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2003. Linday S, Ansell J, Selman C, Cox V, Hamilton K, Walraven G. Effect of pregnancy on exposure to malaria mosquitoes. Lancet 2000;355:1972.
27 República de Argentina. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Schwarcz R et al. El cuidado prenatal. Guía para la práctica del cuidado preconcepcional y del control prenatal. Buenos Aires, 2001.
28 OMS. Special groups. In: Martínez L, editor. International Travel and Health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. Antenatal care: routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. London, 2003.
29 Vanegas BC. Prevención de infecciones vaginales. Primera Edición. Fondo Nacional Universitario. Editora Guadalupe. Bogotá, Colombia 2000. Vanegas BC. Salud de la Mujer. Una Guía práctica para la atención ambulatoria de salud a la mujer. Fondo Nacional Universitario. Bogotá, Colombia. 2002. Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM. Incidence of placental abruption in relation to cigarette smoking and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy: A meta- nalysis of observational studies. Obstetrics and Gynecology 1999; 93: 622-8. Castles A, Adams EK, Melvin CL, Kelsch C, Boulton ML. Effects of smoking during pregnancy: Five meta-analyses. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1999;16:208–15. Shah NR, Bracken MB. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies on the association between maternal cigarette smoking and preterm delivery. AJOG 2000; 182: 465-72. Conde-Agudelo A, Althabe F, Belizan JM, Kafury-Goeta AC. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia: a systematic review. AJOG 1999; 181: 1026–35. Zulfiqar A et al. Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence. Pediatrics Vol. 115 No. 2 February 2005: 563, 564.
30 Li C, Windsor R, Perkins L, Lowe J, Goldenberg R. The impact on birthweight and gestational age of cotinine validated smoking reduction during pregnancy. JAMA 1993; 269: 1519–24.
31 Holzman C, Paneth N, Little R, Pinto-Martin J. Perinatal brain injury in premature infants born to mothers using alcohol in pregnancy. Pediatrics 1995; 95: 66–73. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Alcohol consumption in pregnancy. Guideline No. 9. London: RCOG; 1999.
32 Villar J, Carroli G, Khan-Neelofur D, Piaggio G, Gülmezoglu M. Patrones de control prenatal de rutina para embarazos de bajo riesgo (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005. Oxford: Update Software.
33 Villar J et al. For the WHO Antenatal Care Trial Research Group. WHO antenatal care randomised trial for the evaluation of a new model of routine antenatal care. Lancet, 2001, 357: 1551-1564. OMS, Nuevo modelo de control prenatal de la OMS, 2003. Ginebra, Suiza: Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2003. Schwarcz R, Díaz AG, Fescina R. The Perinatal Information System I: The Simplified Perinatal Clinical Record. J. Perinat. Med. 15 (Suppl.1):9, 1987. Schwarcz R, Díaz AG, Fescina RH, Díaz Rosello JL, Martell M, Tenzer SM. Historia clínica perinatal simplificada. Propuesta de un modelo para la atención primaria de baja complejidad. Bol. Of. Sanit. Panam. 95:163-172, 1983. Casini S et al. Guía de control prenatal. Embarazo normal. Rev Hosp Mat Inf Ramón Sardá 2002; 21(2): 52-62. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Health Care Guideline: Routine Prenatal Care. 8ª ed. 2004. www.icsi.org. National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. Antenatal care: routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. London, 2003. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe’s Health Evidence Network (HEN). What is the efficacy/effectiveness of antenatal care? Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1999.
34 Villar J, Carroli G, Khan-Neelofur D, Piaggio G, Gülmezoglu M. Patrones de control prenatal de rutina para embarazos de bajo riesgo (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005. Oxford: Update Software.
35 Saftlas A et al. Prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain as risk factors for preeclampsia and transient hypertension. Ann Epidemiol 2000; 10: 475 (Abstract). Schieve L et al. Prepregnancy body mass index and pregnancy weight gain: associations with preterm delivery. The NMIHS Collaborative Study Group. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 96: 194-200.
36 Neilson JP. Medición de la altura uterina durante el embarazo (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2005. Oxford: Update Software.
37 Divanovic E, Buchmann EJ. Routine heart and lung auscultation in prenatal care. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1999; 64: 247-51. Sharif K, Whittle M. Routine antenatal fetal heart rate auscultation: is it necessary? Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1993; 13:111–3.
38 Thorp JM Jr, Jenkins T, Watson W. Utility of Leopold maneuvers in screening for malpresentation. Obstetrics and Gynecology1991; 78: 394-6. National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. Antenatal care: routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. London, 2003.
39 Steer P, Alam MA, Wadsworth J, Welch A. Relation between maternal haemoglobin concentration and birth weight in different ethnic groups. British Medical Journal 1995; 310: 489-91. Zhou LM, Yang WW, Hua JZ, Deng CQ, Tao X, Stoltzfus RJ. Relation of hemoglobin measured at different times in pregnancy to preterm birth and low birth weight in Shanghai, China. American Journal of Epidemiology 1998;148: 998–1006. National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. Antenatal care: routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. London, 2003.
40 Mittendorf R, Williams MA, Kass EH. Prevention of preterm delivery and low birth weight associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1992;14: 927–32. Patterson TF, Andriole VT. Bacteriuria in pregnancy. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 987; 1: 807–22. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Recommendation Statement: Screening for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria, 2004. Smaill F. Antibióticos para la bacteriuria asintomática en el embarazo (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005. Stenqvist K et al. Bacteriuria in pregnancy: frequency and risk of acquisition. Am J Epidemiol 1989; 129: 372-79.
41 Crowther C et al. For the Australian Carbohydrate Intolerante Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS) Trial Group. Effect of Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2577-86. Tuffnell DJ, West J, Walkinshaw SA. Treatments for gestational diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005. Oxford: Update. Software. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Recommendation Statement: Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, 2003. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Recommendation Statement: Screening for Diabetes Mellitus, Adult type 2, 2003. Sacks D et al. Fasting Plasma Glucosa Test at the First Prenatal Visit as Screen for Gestational Diabetes. Gynecol Obstet 2003; 101(6): 1197-203.
42 Neilson JP. Ecografía para evaluación fetal en el inicio del embarazo (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005. Blondel B, Morin I, Platt RW, Kramer MS, Usher R, Breart G. Algorithms for combining menstrual and ultrasound estimates of gestational age: consequences for rates of preterm and post-term birth. BJOG 2002; 109: 718–20.
43 Kekki M et al. Cost-effectiveness of screening and treatment for bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy among women at low risk for preterm birth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2004; 83: 27-36. Kiss H, Petricevic L, Husslein P. Prospective randomised controlled trial of an infection screening programme to reduce the rate of preterm delivery. BMJ, doi: 10.1136/bmj. 3869. 519653. EB (Publisher 4 August 2004). Brocklehurst P, Hannah M, McDonald H. Intervenciones para el tratamiento de la vaginosis bacteriana en el embarazo (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005. Oxford: Update Software.
44 Coustan D et al. Maternal age and screening for gestational diabetes: A population based study. Obstet Gynecol 1989; 73: 557. Perucchini D, Fischer U, Spinas GA, Huch R, Huch A, Lehmann R. Using fasting plasma glucose concentrations to screen for gestational diabetes mellitus: prospective population based study. BMJ 1999; 319: 812–5.
45 Neilson JP. Ecografía para evaluación fetal en el inicio del embarazo (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005. Blondel B, Morin I, Platt RW, Kramer MS, Usher R, Breart G. Algorithms for combining menstrual and ultrasound estimates of gestational age: consequences for rates of preterm and post-term birth. BJOG 2002; 109: 718–20.
46 Sherman SJ, Carlson DE, Platt LD, Medearis AL. Transvaginal ultrasound: does it help in the diagnosis of placenta previa? AJOG 1991; 164: 344. Taipale P, Hiilesmaa V, Ylostalo P. Transvaginal ultrasonography at 18–23 weeks in predicting placenta previa at delivery. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 1998; 12: 422-5. Dashe JS, McIntire DD, Ramus RM. Persistence of placenta previa according to gestational age at ultrasound detection. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2002; 99: 692–7.
47 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2002. MMWR 2005; 51 (No. RR-6): 44.
48 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2002. MMWR 2005; 51 (No. RR-6): 5. National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. Antenatal care: routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. London, 2003.
49 Vanegas BC. Prevención de infecciones vaginales. Primera Edición. Fondo Nacional Universitario. Editora Guadalupe. Bogotá, Colombia, 2000. Vanegas BC. Salud de la Mujer. Una Guía práctica para la atención ambulatoria de salud a la mujer. Fondo Nacional Universitario. Bogotá, Colombia. 2002.
50 UNICEF. Por una niñez bien nutrida: Comunicación para la acción. Colombia, 2004. Palda VA, Guise JM, Wathen CN. Interventions to promote breast-feeding: applying the evidence in clinical practice. CMAJ 2004;170: 976-8.
51 Crowley P. Interventions for preventing or improving the outcome of delivery at or beyond term. Cochrane Datebase System Rev 2:2000. OMS, Nuevo modelo de control prenatal de la OMS, 2003. Ginebra, Suiza: Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2003: 26. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 55 Management of Postterm Pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology Vol. 104, No. 3, September 2004.
52 Vanegas BC. Prevención de infecciones vaginales. Primera Edición. Fondo Nacional Universitario. Editora Guadalupe. Bogotá, Colombia, 2000. Vanegas BC. Salud de la Mujer. Una Guía práctica para la atención ambulatoria de salud a la mujer. Fondo Nacional Universitario. Bogotá, Colombia. 2002.
53 UNICEF. Por una niñez bien nutrida: Comunicación para la acción. Colombia, 2004. Palda VA, Guise JM, Wathen CN. Interventions to promote breast-feeding: applying the evidence in clinical practice. CMAJ 2004;170: 976-8.
54 Crowley P. Interventions for preventing or improving the outcome of delivery at or beyond term. Cochrane Datebase System Rev 2: 2000. OMS, Nuevo modelo de control prenatal de la OMS, 2003. Ginebra, Suiza: Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2003: 26. ACOG Practice Bulletin No.
55 Management of Postterm Pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 104 (3) September 2004.