Discusión
Los disruptores endocrinos pueden generar malformaciones del tracto urogenital que se manifiestan como no descenso de testículos e hipospadias que se han reconocido en la infancia o durante la edad adulta joven, disminución en la calidad del esperma, una incidencia creciente de cáncer testicular y producción de andrógenos deteriorada.
En las mujeres pueden generar alteraciones uterinas, infertilidad, irregularidad menstrual, embarazo deficiente, aborto espontáneo, embarazo ectópico y parto prematuro.
Todo este complejo de alteraciones propone una interacción prenatal, sinérgica, entre el medio ambiente, la genética y la maternidad ante la exposición intrauterina y extrauterina a agentes disruptores.
Los disruptores endocrinos deben ser evaluados de acuerdo con las cantidades halladas usualmente en nuestro medio, logrando así dilucidar el alcance de sus efectos y tomar medidas preventivas.
Resulta también conveniente conocer sus niveles máximos para prevenir el aporte del daño a la función reproductiva.
Es relevante conocer sus efectos en reproducción, y otras patologías como cáncer, asma, diabetes, la enfermedad de Parkinson y los efectos cognitivos.
Es importante determinar los resultados de exposición a una mezcla de químicos, tales como ftalatos, cuyos resultados aún no son muy claros, y el estudio de bisfenoles en el síndrome de ovario poliquístico.
(Lea También: Las Hormonas y La Menopausia)
Los estudios futuros deben incluir dosis y vías de exposición similar a la ambiental para lograr equiparar alteraciones en la reproducción con la exposición habitual.
Al igual que la posible exposición a varios disruptores endocrinos al mismo tiempo. Agentes como el triclosán, con aumento en su uso en productos de aseo personal, se han asociado con disminución del rendimiento de los oocitos; sin embargo, faltan estudios con tamaño de muestra adecuado para lograr generalizar sus resultados y con reproducibilidad en el ser humano.1
También sería conveniente reafirmar la premisa del paso de ciertos disruptores endocrinos de un ambiente cálido a frío debido a su volatilidad aumentada, como es el caso de los contaminantes orgánicos que pese a su restricción en producción y comercialización persisten en el ambiente causando toxicidad.
Referencias
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